Should men pay dowry in this day and age?

Marriage is an institution that is found in all cultures. It often involves exchanges, typically in the form of payments, between the families of the bride and groom. These payments can be classified into two categories: dowry and bride price. The dowry, more prevalent in Asian countries, entails payments made by the bride and her family to the groom and his family. On the other hand, bride price refers to payments made by the groom and his family to the bride and her family. This is a common cultural practice in Africa.

Historically, bride price payment served to validate customary marriages in most African societies. It strengthened new family bonds created by marriage and legitimized children born into marriages. Ghanaian society has undergone major changes to its cultural practices over the past years.

The bride price has undergone significant changes. In the past, it was a payment made by the groom and his family as part of a family arrangement. The bride price was not subject to negotiation; it was typically determined by the groom and his family. This payment was given voluntarily and willingly to the bride’s family.

Before Ghana was colonized by the British in 1867, bride price did not involve cash as cash had not yet been introduced into the Ghanaian economy. Instead, it included items such as bottles of schnapps, ornaments, clothes, and cowries for the bride’s mother, father, and brothers.

But times have changed. Bride price payment has become a more individual practice. A groom mainly funds the expenses of his marriage, though some families still provide financial support to their sons during the marriage.

An even more drastic evolution is the involvement of cash and bargaining. The amount to be paid is rigorously negotiated by the families of the groom and the bride. The current practice is that the groom usually asks for a list of the bride’s family. Although bride price lists may vary among families and ethnic groups in Ghana, most lists include items such as bottles of schnapps, ornaments, clothes, and cash for the bride`s mother, father, and brothers.

The items on the demand list have also taken on a modern look. Some families demand electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, and iPads as bride price. Several factors, such as the groom’s wealth and status, and the bride’s level of education, determine how much a groom pays as bride price.

Although bride price custom has significant cultural and social functions, there are latent, unrecognized and unintended consequences of the practice.

In Ghana, the tradition of paying a dowry holds deep cultural significance, varying across tribes. As we embrace the 21st century, it’s important to reflect on the value of this practice. Here are some reasons why preserving the dowry tradition could be advantageous.

• Preserving cultural heritage

Dowry traditions are a crucial part of Ghanaian cultural heritage. They link to the past, preserving the customs and values passed down through generations. By continuing this practice, Ghanaians can maintain a sense of identity and pride in their unique cultural heritage. It helps younger generations understand and appreciate their roots, fostering a sense of community and continuity.

• Strengthening family bonds

The dowry process is more than just a financial transaction; it involves the coming together of two families. The negotiations and ceremonies surrounding the dowry foster interaction, understanding, and respect between the families of the bride and groom. This practice helps build strong family ties and networks of support that benefit the newlyweds and their extended families.

• Symbolic commitment and responsibility

Paying a dowry symbolizes a groom’s commitment and readiness to take on the responsibilities of marriage. It acts as a demonstration of his willingness to invest in and care for his future wife and her family. This act of giving can reinforce the seriousness of the marital union and the groom’s dedication to maintaining a stable and supportive relationship.

• Economic support and appreciation

In many cultures, the dowry is seen as a way of appreciating and compensating the bride’s family for their role in raising her. This economic support can be particularly meaningful in communities where resources are scarce. It also underscores the value placed on the bride and can be a form of empowerment, highlighting her importance and worth within the societal structure.

• Encouraging responsible decision-making

The requirement of a dowry can encourage responsible decision-making regarding marriage. The groom must be financially prepared and thoughtful about his readiness for marriage. This can lead to more stable and mature relationships, as both parties enter the marriage with a clear understanding of the commitments involved. While some aspects of traditional practices may need to adapt to contemporary values and realities, the dowry tradition in Ghana holds significant cultural, social, and symbolic importance.

It helps preserve cultural heritage, strengthens family bonds, symbolises commitment, provides economic support, and encourages responsible decision-making. By maintaining this practice, Ghanaians can honour their past while thoughtfully integrating these traditions into modern life.