Sexual abstinence, which is the voluntary avoidance of sexual activity, has been practised for centuries. Recent research suggests that there may be a connection between abstinence and an increased risk of heart disease. Studies have shown that sexual abstinence can lead to higher blood pressure in both men and women (Brody, 2006; Liu et al., 2018). For instance, a study published in the *Journal of Hypertension* found that sexual abstinence was linked to elevated systolic blood pressure in men (Liu et al., 2018).
Healthy blood flow is supported by proper vascular function, which can be enhanced through sexual engagement (Meston et al., 2010). A decline in vascular function may elevate the risk of heart disease (Meston et al., 2010). Sexual abstinence has been associated with alterations in hormone levels, including a reduction in oxytocin and testosterone (Kosfeld et al., 2003; Müller et al., 2011). These hormonal changes may lead to increased stress and anxiety, further heightening the risk of heart disease. Additionally, chronic inflammation is recognized as a significant risk factor for heart disease (Libby et al., 2009). Research indicates that sexual abstinence may lead to heightened inflammation in both men and women, which could potentially increase the risk of heart disease (O’Connor et al., 2017).
Psychological aspects
Increased stress and anxiety levels are known risk factors for heart disease (Brody, 2006; Liu et al., 2018). A study published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine found that sexual abstinence was linked to heightened symptoms of anxiety and depression in women (Li et al., 2019). Additionally, mental health outcomes such as depression and mood disorders can decrease (Kessler et al., 2004; Müller et al., 2011). Another study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders indicated that sexual abstinence was associated with increased symptoms of depression in men (Müller et al., 2011). This decrease in mental health can negatively impact relationship quality, potentially leading to increased stress and anxiety levels (Brezsnyak et al., 2012).
A study published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships found that sexual abstinence was associated with decreased relationship satisfaction in couples (Brezsnyak et al., 2012). Individuals who practice sexual abstinence may use maladaptive coping mechanisms, such as substance abuse or avoidance, to manage stress and anxiety (Wills et al., 2016), which can further increase heart disease risk.
Epidemiological, and clinical aspects
The prevalence and incidence of heart disease among individuals who practise sexual abstinence are not well established. However, studies suggest that sexual abstinence may increase heart disease risk, particularly among older adults (Liu et al., 2018). Increased blood pressure, decreased vascular function and chronic inflammation have been identified among individuals who practice sexual abstinence (Liu et al., 2018).
Healthcare providers should be mindful of the potential risks associated with sexual abstinence when caring for individuals who choose this lifestyle. It is advisable to regularly monitor blood pressure, lipid profiles, and other related risk factors. Various interventions and prevention strategies may effectively reduce the cardiovascular risks linked to sexual abstinence, including stress management, regular exercise, and fostering social support (Harris et al., 2006).
Special populations
Clergy and religious individuals who practice sexual abstinence may be at increased risk for heart disease due to the unique stressors and demands of their profession (Koenig et al., 2012). Individuals who experience ED may also practice sexual abstinence due to their condition and may require special consideration and alternative strategies to mitigate the risks (Shabsigh et al., 2018).
Individuals with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes or hypertension, may be at increased risk if they practice sexual abstinence (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2010). Older adults who practice sexual abstinence may be at increased risk due to age-related declines in cardiovascular function (Lakatta et al., 2013).
Conclusion
Sexual abstinence is associated with a higher risk of heart disease, as it affects various physiological and psychological factors. These factors should be taken into account when treating individuals who choose celibacy. To address this concern, further research is needed to develop effective countermeasures. For those who are able, regular intimacy may help mitigate this risk. Additionally, alternative approaches could be beneficial for individuals in the clergy or those experiencing erectile dysfunction.
The writer is a Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (N.D. Candidate),
Medical Journalist, & Medical Laboratory Technologist.
E-mail: kofiappiah803@gmail.com
