A toxicologist, Dr. Regina Ama Oppong Wiredu, has warned that burning some scented candles may release harmful chemicals, especially in enclosed spaces. She states that these chemicals can pose long-term health risks, including cancer and respiratory issues. Dr. Wiredu, who works with SYNLABB Ghana in Accra, shared these insights in an interview with The Mirror on Friday, June 13, 2025.
In recent years, the popularity of scented candles has surged among the youth. They are used not only to create a calming atmosphere but also to enhance the aesthetic appeal of living spaces. Scented candles have become a common feature in bedrooms, study corners, cafés, and beauty studios, often showcased on social media platforms such as Instagram and TikTok.
Dr. Wiredu explained that many commercial scented candles are made from paraffin wax, a byproduct of petroleum. When burned, these candles can release Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, a known carcinogen, and toluene, which can cause serious health effects. She mentioned that these chemicals may linger in the air, particularly in small rooms with poor ventilation. Over time, inhaling such toxins can irritate the lungs and compromise indoor air quality.
“While occasional use is unlikely to cause immediate harm, individuals who burn scented candles daily, especially in unventilated spaces, are at a higher risk of long-term exposure,” Dr. Wiredu cautioned. Although there is no direct evidence linking scented candles alone to cancer, she emphasised the concern surrounding cumulative exposure to various indoor air pollutants.
“Cancer doesn’t develop overnight; it accumulates over years, sometimes decades, due to repeated exposure to harmful substances. When emissions from candles are combined with other indoor pollutants like air fresheners, dust, cleaning sprays, or cigarette smoke, the risk increases,” she added.
What’s in a candle?
A study conducted by South Carolina State University in 2009 found that burning paraffin wax candles could release harmful chemicals into the air, which may be linked to cancer and asthma. More recent research indicates that while the levels of these chemicals may be low, consistent exposure could still pose risks for certain groups, particularly children, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma.
Fragrance vs health
In addition to the wax itself, the fragrance used in candles is another important concern. Dr. Wiredu explained that many candles are scented with synthetic fragrance oils, which may release phthalates—chemicals known to disrupt hormones. “Phthalates are added to enhance the longevity of scents, but they have been linked to hormonal imbalances and reproductive health issues. Inhaling these chemicals repeatedly is a serious matter, particularly for children and women of childbearing age,” she said.
Safer candle choices
Dr. Wiredu stated that not all candles are harmful. She pointed out that natural wax alternatives, such as soy, beeswax, and coconut wax, burn more cleanly and are generally safer options. “These alternatives are biodegradable and do not release as many toxins into the air. Additionally, it is better to choose candles that use natural essential oils rather than artificial fragrances,” she advised. She also encouraged consumers to pay close attention to labels. “If a candle does not specify the type of wax or fragrance it uses, that is usually a red flag. Transparency is crucial when it comes to your health.”
Tips for safer use
Dr. Wiredu suggests that while some people may want to continue using their favourite scented candles, there are practical tips to reduce health risks. These include burning candles in a well-ventilated room, limiting burn time to under two hours, and trimming the wick to a quarter inch before each use to minimise smoke. Additionally, it’s advisable to avoid candles that produce dark soot or have strong artificial fragrances, and never leave candles burning while you sleep. “Candles can still be a part of your relaxation routine, but moderation and awareness are essential,” she said.
Alternatives to candles
For people looking to create an ambience without health concerns, Dr Wiredu recommended natural alternatives like reed diffusers with essential oils, indoor plants that purify the air or open windows and fans to improve airflow.
Low public awareness
In addressing public awareness issues, Dr. Wiredu noted that although global awareness of indoor air pollution is increasing, education on this topic in Ghana and many other African countries remains limited. “Many people associate pollution with factories and cars, but they often overlook what’s happening inside their own homes. We need to have more conversations about indoor air quality and its impact on long-term health,” she stated.
Dr. Wiredu also pointed out that while regulations exist for food and water safety, there are few local guidelines for everyday household products like candles and air fresheners. “It’s essential for consumers to advocate for safer products and for health authorities to consider implementing stronger regulations to protect the public,” she urged. “You don’t need to get rid of all your candles; just be informed about what you’re breathing in. Your lungs and your future self will thank you,” she advised.
By: Gloria Apprey
